Basic Filing Operation within Outlook
What Happens to E-mails After Filing
After filing, your e-mails are moved from the folder they were in (typically the inbox) to a special set of folders in your mailbox store.
The exact location of the folders is configurable by your system administrator. However by default you will find a folder named as Filed E-mails\

E-mails will be filed by the server shortly after they are moved to this location, hence periodically you can remove these folders in order to reduce your mailbox size.

